Grad’s Conjecture: How AI Helped Crack a 59-Year Fusion Physics Puzzle
For nearly six decades, Grad’s Conjecture hung over one of the strangest questions in plasma physics: can a smooth, fully three-dimensional plasma sit in equilibrium inside nested toroidal surfaces without being forced into a strong symmetry? The intuition said probably not. Stellarator researchers, meanwhile, work precisely with complicated three-dimensional magnetic fields. Then September 2026 produced … Read more